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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
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Eastern Europeans populated approximately one-third of Franklin County by the turn of the 20th century. This woman, Sophie Dahowski, and her children both wear caps to cover their heads. The photographers, Frances and Mary Allen of Deerfield Massachusetts, likely pulled out old lace caps from their trunk of old clothes, as by the end of the 19th century it was uncommon for young women to cover their heads with lace caps such as this.

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