Map to African American Historic Sites

Enslaved Africans living in Deerfield

Like many New England towns and cities, where slavery was integral to the colonial economy, Deerfield was once a slave-owning community. Sixteen out of the forty-two households along Deerfield's mile-long main street had enslaved Africans in the middle of the 18th century. In addition to the thirty-eight percent of households that owned slaves, many others bartered with their neighbors for use of slave labor. Little is known about the lives of the more than fifty-five slaves and forty-five emancipated slaves who lived and worked throughout all of Deerfield between 1695 and the 1780s. Who were they? What were their lives like? How can we find out more? How can we remember them?

Documenting Enslaved Africans

Researching the lives of New England's enslaved Africans is challenging. Considered property, slaves appear in bills of sale, wills, probate inventories, account books, and runaway slave ads. As dehumanizing as these documents are, they provide important clues for identifying enslaved Africans. But this scanty evidence comes from the perspective of those who owned and oppressed slaves, so it doesn't represent the whole picture.

Online Map of Deerfield

This map identifies sites where enslaved and free African Americans lived and worked along the main street in Deerfield, Massachusetts.

Printable Map of African American Historic Sites

Download and print a walking tour map of African American Historic Sites in Deerfield. This PDF has two parts: a map with information about all 23 sites (2.8 MB file) and a set of several short essays (2.9 MB file) that tell more about slavery in Deerfield.

NOTE: If you plan to visit Deerfield, please note that many buildings or sites with African American histories have more recent buildings on the site. Original buildings are indicated on the map with house outlines at the sites. Additional information on enslaved and freed Africans in Deerfield can be found by visiting the Memorial Libraries, Memorial Hall Museum, or Historic Deerfield, Inc.

See Learn More for additional information on slavery in Deerfield.